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Visit jdeforest's column >>

JDEFOREST

Articles Posted: 4  Links Seeded: 0
Member Since: 1/2008  Last Seen: 1/27/2009

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The Mysteries of Academic Publishing; or, on the need for interdisciplinarity

Wed Feb 20, 2008 4:12 PM EST
protest, gender, pandp
By jdeforest
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I've read the following passage, in an article entitled Performing the Political; Encapuchados in Venezuela, about three times so far. And each time I'm both more disturbed and yet, somehow, more intrigued. The article was published in the academic journal The Drama Review in 2002, by Fernando Calzadilla, at the time a doctoral candidate at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts.

As points of reference, Encapuchados are political protestors who perform regularly in Caracas; Calzadilla (himself a self-identified Venezuelan) focuses the article on interrogating their motives, tactics and strategies.

The children in most cases bear the mother's maiden name and their relations as siblings is maintained through the mother's side of the family, including grandmother and aunts, because in most cases the siblings are only half-siblings, each with a different father. Hence, the Venezuelan family is matri-centered. In fact, as I will show, while society is organized around the mother, the state is organized around the father. Therein lies a fundamental contradiction: the law does not recognize the authority of the mother, but inside the family, it is she who exerts authority. The loved/feared father is missing. Instead of a father, there is the mother's lover (or lovers). Having no father to love and fear, the son develops a conflicted relationship with the person in charge, the one who ultimately represents the law.

…In Venezuela, the absence of the father produces sons whose strongest inter personal relationship is mother-son. This results in the axis of social organization being emotional (feminine) rather than contractual. In Venezuela, sons remain sons and seldom grow to be fathers. Machismo, often mistaken as the hyperdisplay of patriarchal values, is in reality produced by the fissure between a matrilineal organization of the family and the patriarchal institutions of the state. The patriarchal state denies credibility and power to the mother. The mother and her family are always "illegitimate." This contradiction produces sons who are macho, in perpetual conflict with authority figures, even as they are in love with action and danger as proof of their distance from and independence from their mothers' world. It also produces a cult honoring the mother's saintliness and a desire to fight for her and be martyred in her defense. The arms of the state, the police, are the hated absent father; the nation which the Encapuchados desire to liberate and protect is comprised of the loved mothers.(119/120)

Okay, so this is what I see…

  • 1.a claim that 'the nation', in Venezuela, is feminine-identified;
  • 2. a localized refutation of an Anglo-American-European conception of the nuclear family, that offers what might be the basis of an interesting source of political disaffection;
  • 3. what I assume is a crude reading of psychoanalytic theory (no father = problems);
  • 4. an interesting theory of machismo;
  • 5. a conflation of the feminine mother with the feminine nation;
  • 6. a distillation of protestors as 'Male' that might be oversimplifying.

And I'm sure I'm missing some stuff. But is that the gist of the theoretical account being advanced? Because, in case this didn't come through in the list above, I'm a little skeptical – on all counts.

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  • Public Discussion (3)
jdeforest

i mean, i guess what i'm saying is that i think this is a somewhat amazing example of how someone can be simplistic with psychoanalytic theory, simplistic with gender theory - to the point, in both cases, of being almost wrong - and simplistic about tying it all back together, and still get published. aside from that, though...

i think the effort to tie gender, micro social structure, national identity and political identity is really well-placed. it's just too bad he does it so poorly.

  • 2 votes
Reply#1 - Wed Feb 20, 2008 7:47 PM EST
NewsFlake

The section of the article you have quoted indeed seems to make some significant leaps with little to back them up...

Having no father to love and fear, the son develops a conflicted relationship with the person in charge, the one who ultimately represents the law.

Huh? Some evidence please....

It seems like poor writing, lack of ability to construct an argument,and serious referencing issues. Which is more than a little frustrating given that had it been well written it might have been compelling reading.

  • 1 vote
#1.1 - Wed Feb 20, 2008 8:12 PM EST
Reply
Adriane Brown

I was also surprised at this section of the article--the author spends all of a page making the argument that, basically, boys without legally-sanctioned fathers are doomed to become macho and violent, which seems problematic on a number of levels. It reifies the notion that Latino men are violent, assumes a link between having two opposite-sex parents and growing up to be psychologically healthy, and both confirms and pathologizes the existence of the stereotypical overbearing, strong Latina mother.

Beyond the really troubling argument the author seems to be making about gender roles (men and women are soooo different) and heterosexuality (setting it up as the "appropriate" standard), I'm also unclear about why state sanction is the key to having a "legitimate" father figure. I wasn't persuaded that men just aren't present in family formations, and I don't think the author makes a very strong case for the distinction between having state-sanctioned nuclear heterosexual families and having nuclear heterosexual families that simply lack a certificate from the state.

  • 1 vote
Reply#2 - Mon Feb 25, 2008 12:54 PM EST
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